Type II diabetes mellitus is more prone to occur in overweight individuals. Type II diabetes mellitus may be from a relative deficiency in insulin production, the body’s resistance to insulin or increased production of glycogen from the liver and its conversion to glucose. Type I diabetes mellitus results from an absolute deficiency of insulin production from the pancreas. The concurrent use of these medications with diabetes mellitus should be done with caution and though now acceptable, adverse reaction may adversely affects FAA certification decisions in diabetics. An individual feels this dropping blood glucose as anxiety, tremors, hunger, thirst, and confusion.Ĭertain medications, beta-blockers, may mask these symptoms of hypoglycemia and place an individual at risk for undetected hypoglycemia. Low blood sugar results in impaired concentration, unconsciousness or even death. This is a safety valve to prevent blood sugar from dropping too low. If the blood sugar drops due to missing meals or from extra consumption of sugar due to exercise, the adrenal glands above the kidneys release chemicals which trigger the release of glycogen from the liver and its conversion to glucose. In the liver, the simple CHOs are stored in a more complex form caused glycogen. In response to rising blood sugar through the dietary absorption of all foods, but sugars or carbohydrates (CHOs) in particular, the pancreas releases insulin to move CHO from the blood into the liver. With diabetes, there is an absence of the blunting effect and blood sugars may rise unchecked. The normal peaks and valleys of blood sugar are dampened by the blunting effect of insulin and the enhancing effect of adrenal hormones. Basic Pathophysiologyīlood sugar is maintained as relatively constant levels in a fine balance by diet input, the body’s production of insulin, its resistance to insulin and stores of carbohydrates. The FAA treats the two types of diabetes mellitus quite differently because of the relative differences in range of blood sugars and possible effect on alertness and consciousness. īoth types of diabetes mellitus are serious conditions that require careful monitoring and treatment to slow or prevent the numerous complications of each. Oral medication (pills) and lifestyle changes in diet and exercise are usually adequate to control Type II diabetes. It was previously known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (even though insulin was sometimes used for enhanced control). Type II diabetes mellitus is much less prone to comatose states and frequently can be controlled without the use of insulin. To survive, Type I diabetics require one or more shots of insulin daily. The body’s ability to produce its own insulin from the pancreas is destroyed in this condition. Formerly known as insulin requiring diabetes, it is the most life threatening form of the disease and may be diagnosed at any age. Two other types of diabetes include Gestational (pregnancy-related) diabetes and diabetes due to other diseases and conditions.ĭiabetes mellitus that is prone to causing comas due to severely elevated blood glucose, and which requires insulin for control, is termed Type I diabetes mellitus or immune-mediated diabetes. Two broad types of diabetes exist, Type I and Type II. Diabetes Mellitus- A Mixed Diseaseĭiabetes is not a single disease, but a mix of causes that have a common end result of blood glucose (sugar) levels elevated above normal. Fortunately, the condition is treatable, and in most cases, pilots may be granted authorization for all classes of airman and ATCS medical certification. Not only is diabetes a costly condition estimated at $245 billion per year, but it is a leading risk factor in many other diseases that adversely affect pilot’s career such as heart disease, stroke, vision, kidney disease, claudication, impotence and neurologic disease. have diabetes mellitus (8.3% of the adult population). As of 2011 according to the American Diabetes Association, approximately 25.8 million in U.S.
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